Chromatography cartridge and method for manufacturing a chromatography cartridge

ABSTRACT

A chromatography cartridge and method of manufacturing same. A chromatography cartridge of the present invention can include a tubular housing having an open end and an inner surface, and a plug. The plug can be positioned within the open end of the tubular housing and can have an outer circumferential surface, a substantial portion of the outer circumferential surface being fused to the inner surface of the tubular housing. A method for manufacturing a chromatography cartridge can include coupling at least a portion of the outer surface of the plug to at least a portion of the inner surface of the tubular housing in response to rotating at least one of the plug and the tubular housing about the longitudinal axis with respect to the other of the plug and the tubular housing.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of pending U.S. patent application Ser.No. 10/775,451, filed on Feb. 10, 2004, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/512,129, filed Oct. 17, 2003.

BACKGROUND

Chromatography columns or cartridges typically contain a densely-packedchromatography media (sometimes referred to as the “stationary phase”).When liquid (sometimes referred to as the “liquid phase”) is passedthrough the chromatography cartridge, at least a portion of the liquidphase adsorbs to the stationary phase within the cartridge. In this way,those components of the liquid phase that adsorb to the stationary phaseare separated out from those that do not. Based on the differentadsorption rates of various components of the liquid phase, the variouscomponents of the liquid phase can be isolated and identified.

When the cartridge is used, “channeling” can result if the media is nottightly packed. If the media is not tightly packed, the liquid phase inthe chromatography system may find an “easy” path through the media.That is, the liquid phase may not evenly progress through the stationaryphase, but instead flow through discrete “channels” in the media. If aneasy flow path is available to the liquid because the media is nottightly packed, the liquid may not interact as desired with the rest ofthe media. The liquid phase will only interact with the media along the“channels” through which it flows. Therefore, much of the media will notbe used, which may affect the performance of the chromatographycartridge and the accuracy of the chromatography results.

SUMMARY

The method used to manufacture a chromatography cartridge can reducechanneling. For example, channeling can be controlled by the method usedto couple an endcap to a housing portion of the cartridge. The method ofcoupling the endcap can affect, among other things, whether a hermetic(leak-proof) seal is established in the cartridge, whether thechromatography media is tightly packed within the cartridge, whether thechromatography media is maximally used in separation of variouscomponents of the liquid phase, and whether the chromatography systemwill produce repeatable, accurate results.

In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a chromatographycartridge. The chromatography cartridge includes a tubular housinghaving an open end and an inner surface, and a plug. The plug ispositioned within the open end of the tubular housing and has an outercircumferential surface. A substantial portion of the outercircumferential surface is fused to the inner surface of the tubularhousing.

In another embodiment, the present invention includes a method ofmanufacturing a chromatography cartridge, the chromatography cartridgecomprising a housing having an open end and a longitudinal axis, and aplug dimensioned to be received in the open end of the housing. Themethod includes coupling at least a portion of the outer surface of theplug to at least a portion of the inner surface of the tubular housingin response to rotating at least one of the plug and the tubular housingabout the longitudinal axis with respect to the other of the plug andthe tubular housing.

Other features and aspects of the invention will become apparent tothose skilled in the art upon review of the following detaileddescription, claims and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded perspective view of a chromatographycartridge having a housing and a plug, according to one embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates an assembled cross-sectional view of thechromatography cartridge of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of a plug of a chromatographycartridge of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of a plug of a chromatographycartridge of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of a chromatography cartridge ofthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited in its application tothe details of construction and the arrangement of components set forthin the following description or illustrated in the following drawings.The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced orof being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood thatthe phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose ofdescription and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of“including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein ismeant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereofas well as additional items. Unless specified or limited otherwise, theterms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “coupled” and variationsthereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirectmountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further, “connected”and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connectionsor couplings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a chromatography cartridge 10 (also referred toherein as a chromatography “column”) according to one embodiment of thepresent invention. The cartridge 10 contains at least one chromatographymedium 14 (also referred to herein as a “stationary phase”), and aninlet 11 and an outlet 13 for fluid flow through the cartridge 10 andthereby the medium 14. The medium 14 is bounded on a first end by afirst frit 18 or other porous member positioned towards the inlet 11,and on the second end by a second frit 20 positioned towards the outlet13. The medium 14 is contained within a housing 12 that is capped on oneend by a plug 16 (also referred to herein as and “endcap”). The plug 16defines the inlet 11 to the cartridge 10. A first cap 22 is dimensionedto be received within the inlet 111 during transportation and storage,and a second cap 24 is dimensioned to cover the outlet 13 duringtransportation and storage.

The chromatography cartridge 10 can be used with a variety ofchromatography systems including, without limitation, a flashchromatography system, and a variety of other liquid chromatographysystems. The cartridge 10 can be formed of a variety of materialsincluding without limitation, at least one of a metal, a polymer, aceramic, a composite, and a combination thereof. As a result, in someembodiments of the present invention, the cartridge 10 can be along-lasting cartridge that can be used for many chromatographyprocesses. In other embodiments, the cartridge 10 can be formed ofdisposable materials such that a new chromatography cartridge 10 can beused for each new chromatography run.

In some embodiments, such as the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, thehousing 12 can have an elongated, tubular shape and a generally uniformand annular cross-section. The housing 12 includes an outer surface 26,an inner surface 28, an open end 30, an annular flange 31 adjacent theopen end 30. A longitudinal axis A runs the length of the cartridge 10.The outer surface 26, the inner surface 28 and the open end 30 all havea generally circular shape, as defined by the uniform and annularcross-sectional shape of the housing 12. It should be noted that thecross-sectional shape of the housing 12 can be a variety of other shapesor combinations of shapes without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe present invention including, without limitation, rectangular,square, triangular, hexagonal, and the like.

With continued reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the annular flange 31includes two flat sides 29. However, the annular flange 31 can insteadcontinue around the generally circular open end 30 to form a completelyannular flange 31 (i.e., without the flat sides 29). The annular flange31 can be used to couple the housing 12 to a mechanical drive deviceduring manufacturing of the cartridge 10, as will be described below, tocouple the housing 12 to a variety of packing and storage materials fortransportation and storage, and/or to couple the housing 12 to otherequipment in a chromatography system during use.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outlet 13 of the cartridge 10 canbe defined in the housing 12. A bottom portion of the housing 12 tapersto form an exit tube 25 that defines the outlet 13. As fluid containingat least one sample of interest is injected into a chromatographysystem, the fluid is moved through the system to the inlet 11 of thecartridge 10, through a central bore 33 of the plug 16 (furtherdescribed below), through the first frit 18, through the chromatographymedium 14 where a variety of components of the fluid may interact withthe chromatography medium 14, through the second frit 20, and out theoutlet 13 defined in the exit tube 25.

The housing 12 and the plug 16 can be formed of a variety of materialsincluding glass, stainless steel, ceramic, polyethylene, polypropylene,polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide, polyvinyl chloride,polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g., TEFLON®-brand polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), DuPont Corporation), a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene andhexafluoropropylene (FEP; e.g., DYNEON™-brand FEP fluorothermoplastic,3M Corporation), a fiberglass and PTFE composite (e.g., TEFLEX®-brandfiberglass sheets coated with TEFLON®-brand, DuPont Corporation), otherchemically-inert materials, and the like. The housing 12 and the plug 16can be formed of the same or different materials.

The plug 16 is dimensioned to be received within the open end 30 of thehousing 12. The plug 16 has a generally cylindrical shape and includesan outer circumferential surface 32. The plug 16 further includes a tube35 extending outwardly from an upper surface 34 of the plug 16, and thetube 35 defines the inlet 11. The plug 16 has an axially-extendingcentral bore 33 such that the plug 16 has a generally annularcross-section, and the inlet 11 provides an opening to the central bore33.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tube 35 has a hexagonally-shapedouter surface 37 formed by six sides 39. The hexagonally-shaped outersurface 37 of the tube 35 can provide coupling surfaces for coupling theplug 16 to a mechanical drive device 38 during manufacturing of thecartridge 10, for coupling the plug 16 to packing or storage materialsduring transportation and storage of the cartridge 10, and/or forcoupling the plug 16 to other equipment within a chromatography systemduring use. In other embodiments, the outer surface 37 can becylindrical or can include a variety of numbers of sides 39 ranging fromthree sides 39 to as many as structurally possible. The shape of theouter surface 37 is at least partially dependent upon the chromatographysystem with which the cartridge 10 is used.

The tube 35 can be integrally formed with the remainder of the plug 16,as shown in FIG. 2, or the tube 35 can be coupled to the upper surface34 by a variety of fasteners and/or adhesives known to those of ordinaryskill in the art.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 34 of the plug 16 can include oneor more axially-extending blind bores 36 defined therein and positionedto cooperate with a fixture of a mechanical drive device 38, asdescribed in greater detail below, For example, as illustrated in FIGS.1-3, the upper surface 34 of the plug 16 includes threeaxially-extending blind bores 36 positioned around the tube 35.Specifically, the blind bores 36 illustrated in FIG. 1 are arranged suchthat a blind bore 36 is positioned adjacent every other side 39 of thehexagonally-shaped outer surface 37.

The mechanical drive device 38, as illustrated in FIG. 1, can includethree pins 40, each pin 40 dimensioned to be received within anaxially-extending blind bore 36, such that upon rotation of themechanical drive device 38, the cooperation of the pins 40 and the blindbores 36 causes rotation of the plug 16.

In other embodiments, such as the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, aplug 216 has an upper surface 234 that includes one or moreradially-extending ribs 215 that cooperate with a fixture of amechanical drive device. The radially-extending ribs 215 can extendoutwardly from the upper surface 234 (as shown), or can be formedinwardly (as grooves, not shown) into the upper surface 234. By way ofexample only, the upper surface 234 of the plug 216 illustrated in FIG.4 includes three radially-extending ribs 215 that extend outwardly fromthe upper surface 234. The three radially-extending ribs 215 shown inFIG. 4 are positioned approximately 120° apart from one another aboutthe circular upper surface 234. The three radially-extending ribs 215each extend radially across the upper surface 234 from a tube 235 thatdefines an inlet 211 to an edge 221 of the plug 16. In otherembodiments, the radially-extending ribs 215 do not necessarily extendall the way to the edge 221, but rather extend radially across a portionof the upper surface 234. In still other embodiments, theradially-extending ribs 215 each have different lengths and extendvarying radial distances across the upper surface 234.

A variety of mechanical drive devices can cooperate with theradially-extending ribs 215. For example, the pins 40 of the mechanicaldrive device 38 shown in FIG. 1 can be moved toward the upper surface234 of the plug 216 until each pin 40 is either contacting the uppersurface 234 or positioned a distance from the upper surface 234 lessthan the height of each radially-extending rib 215. (Alternatively, ifthe radially-extending ribs 215 are formed inwardly in the upper surface234 (i.e., grooves), the pin 40 of the mechanical drive device 38 can bemoved until each pin 40 has passed the upper surface 234 or is touchingthe base of each inwardly-formed rib 215.) Once each pin 40 ispositioned near or in contact with the upper surface 234, the mechanicaldrive device 38 can be rotated. Upon rotation of the mechanical drivedevice 38, each pin 40 catches on each radially-extending rib 215, andcauses the plug 216 to rotate.

As best illustrated in FIG. 2, the chromatography medium 14 is denselypacked in the axial space between the first frit 18 and the second frit20. The cartridge 10 can be manufactured by placing the second frit 20adjacent the outlet 13 in a bottom portion of the housing 12, fillingthe housing 12 above the second frit 20 with at least one chromatographymedium 14, placing the first frit 18 axially above the chromatographymedium 14, and inserting the plug 16 into the open end 30 of the housing12 to maintain the chromatography medium 14 axially between the firstfrit 18 and the second frit 20.

The plug 16 is inserted into the open end 30 of the housing 12 until atleast a portion of a bottom surface 42 of the plug 16 contacts the firstfrit 18. By contacting the first frit 18 with at least a portion of thebottom surface 42 of the plug 16, the first frit 18 is maintained in aposition that allows the chromatography medium 14 to remain denselypacked between the first frit 18 and the second frit 20. Maintaining thefirst frit 18 at this position can enhance the performance of thechromatography cartridge 20 and can substantially prevent a liquid phasefrom channeling through the chromatography medium 14 in the cartridge10.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the chromatography medium 14 is formed ofparticles 44. The particles 44 may vary in diameter. For example,particularly in flash chromatography, the diameter of the particles 44may be specified as 50 μm, but actual particle diameters can range fromapproximately 32 μm to approximately 63 μm. The volume-to-mass ratio ofthe particles 44 in a cartridge 10 is referred to herein as the bulkdensity of the chromatography medium 14. The cartridge 10 can be filledwith at least one chromatography medium 14 by volume rather than weight.Some cartridges 10 may have more, but smaller, particles 44 and some mayhave fewer, but larger, particles 44. Mainly because of this difference,the volume of the chromatography medium 14 filling the housing 12 canvary.

At least a portion of the outer circumferential surface 32 of the plug16 is fused with the inner surface 28 of the housing 2. Particularly, atleast a portion of the inner surface 28, adjacent the open end 30) ofthe housing 12, is fused to the outer circumferential surface 32 of theplug 16. Fusing at least a portion of the outer circumferential surface32 of the plug 16 with the inner surface 28 of the housing 12 canmaintain the first frit 18 in a desired axial position, can ensure thatthe at least one chromatography medium 14 remains densely packedthroughout a chromatography process, and/or can provide a hermetic sealbetween the outer circumferential surface 32 of the plug 16 and theinner surface 28 of the housing 12,

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outercircumferential surface 32 of the plug 16 has been spin-welded to theinner surface 28 of the housing 12. To spin-weld the outercircumferential surface 32 of the plug 16 to the inner surface 28 of thehousing 12, at least one of the plug 16 and the housing 12 is coupled toa mechanical drive device, such as the mechanical drive device 38 shownin FIG. 1. For example, the plug 16 can be coupled to the mechanicaldrive device 38 as explained above, and/or the housing 12 can be coupledto a mechanical drive device by clamping a fixture about the outersurface 26 of the housing 12 and in abutting relation with the annularflange 31.

When the plug 16 and/or the housing 12 are coupled to a mechanical drivedevice, the mechanical drive device rotates the plug 16 and/or thehousing 12 relative to the other of the plug 16 and the housing 12 aboutthe longitudinal axis A. The plug 16 and/or the housing 12 are thenaxially moved relative to the other to engage the outer circumferentialsurface 32 of the plug 16 with the inner surface 28 of the housing 12 asthe plug 16 and/or the housing 12 continue to be rotated. As the outercircumferential surface 32 of the plug 16 engages the inner surface 28of the housing 12 while at least one of the plug 16 and the housing 12are being rotated and moved relative to the other, the outercircumferential surface 32 of the plug 16 becomes spin-welded to theinner surface 28 of the housing 12. As will be readily understood bythose of ordinary skill in the art, the spin-weld is created when theparts fuse together as a result of the heat generated by the frictionbetween the rapidly spinning parts.

For example, the housing 12 can be held in a fixed position, and themechanical drive device 38 is coupled to the plug 16 via the cooperationof the pins 40 with the axially-extending blind bores 36 (or theradially-extending ribs 215 illustrated in FIG. 4). The mechanical drivedevice 38 rotates the plug 16 relative to the housing 12 and moves theplug 16 into the open end 30 of the housing 12. The plug 16 is rotatedabout the longitudinal axis A and inserted into the open end 30 of thehousing 12 simultaneously to create an annular interface, or annularfrictional weld, between the outer circumferential surface 32 of theplug 16 and the inner surface 28 of the housing 12.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the plug 16 and/or thehousing 12 can be rotated in one direction (i.e., clockwise orcounter-clockwise). In other embodiments, the plug 16 and/or the housing12 can be oscillated by rotating the plug 16 and/or the housing 12 afirst amount in a first direction (e.g., clockwise) and then rotatingthe plug 16 and/or the housing 12 a second amount in a second directionopposite the first direction (e.g., counter-clockwise). The first amountdoes not need to be equal to the second amount, and in fact, the firstamount can gradually increase and the second amount can graduallyincrease.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the plug 16 is insertedinto the open end 30 of the housing 12 prior to rotation of the plug 16and/or the housing 12. In other embodiments, the plug 16 is inserted atleast partially into the open end 30 of the housing 12 prior to rotationof the plug 16 and/or the housing 12, and the plug 16 and/or the housing12 are then axially moved relative to the other of the plug 16 and thehousing 12 as the plug 16 and/or the housing 12 continue to be rotated.

The rotation of the plug 16 and/or the housing 12 continues until apredetermined interface temperature of the interface between the outercircumferential surface 32 and the inner surface 28 has been achieved, apredetermined number of rotations has been achieved, a predeterminednumber of oscillations has been achieved, a user or a control systemaborts the process, and a combination thereof.

The movement of the plug 16 into the open end 30 of the housing 12and/or the movement of the housing 12 over the plug 16 continues untilat least one of the plug 16 and the housing 12 has been moved apredetermined distance, a predetermined insertion force from moving theplug 16 into the open end 30 of the housing 12 has been achieved, apredetermined insertion force from moving the open end 30 of the housing12 over at least a portion of the plug 16 has been achieved, a firstinterface temperature between the outer circumferential surface 32 andthe inner surface 28 has been achieved, at least a portion of the bottomsurface 42 of the plug 16 has contacted the first frit 18 within thehousing 12, at least a portion of the bottom surface 42 of the plug 16has contacted the at least one chromatography medium 14 within thehousing 12, a user or a control system aborts the operation, and acombination thereof.

FIG. 3 illustrates a cartridge 100 according to another embodiment ofthe present invention, wherein like numerals represent like elements tothe embodiments described above. The cartridge 100 includes a housing112 adapted to receive at least one chromatography medium 114, at leastone frit 118 or other porous member (only one shown in FIG. 3 forsimplicity), and a plug 1116. The housing 112 includes an outer surface126, an inner surface 128, an open end 130 and a longitudinal axis B.

The plug 116 includes an inner portion 117 dimensioned to be receivedwithin the open end 130 of the housing 112. The inner portion 117 of theplug 116 includes an outer circumferential surface 132, at least aportion of which is fused with at least a portion of the inner surface128 of the housing 112 following the spin-welding method describedabove. The plug 116 includes an outer annular portion 119 integrallyformed with the inner portion 117 of the plug 116. The outer annularportion 119 extends along the outer surface 126 of the housing 112adjacent the open end 130. The outer annular portion 119 forms anaesthetic shroud or canopy to at least partially conceal from view theinner portion 117 of the plug 116. The aesthetic shroud formed by theouter annular portion 119 can also conceal at least a portion of thefused interface between the outer circumferential surface 132 of theplug 116 and the inner surface 128 of the housing 112 to form a moreaesthetically-pleasing cartridge 100.

FIG. 5 illustrates a cartridge 300 according to another embodiment ofthe present invention, wherein like numerals represent like elements tothe embodiments described above. The cartridge 300 includes a housing312 adapted to receive at least one chromatography medium 314, a firstfrit 318, a second frit 320, a first plug 316, and a second plug 416.The housing 312 includes an outer surface 326, an inner surface 328, afirst open end 330, a second open end 430, and a longitudinal axis C.The first plug 316 and the second plug 416, similar to the plug 116shown in FIG. 3 and described above, each include an inner portion 317and 417, respectively, and an outer annular portion 319 and 419,respectively. The inner portions 317 and 417 of the first plug 316 andthe second plug 416 each include an outer circumferential surface 332and 432, respectively, at least a portion of which can be fused with atleast a portion of the inner surface 328 of the housing 312, asdescribed above with respect to the plug 116. The cartridge 300 can haveany length desired, enabled at least partially by forming the housing312 to a desired length. The first plug 316 and the second plug 416 canbe fused to the housing 312 of the desired length to tightly compressthe at least one chromatography medium 314 within the housing 312 toform the cartridge 300 to the desired length.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, an inlet 311 of the cartridge300 is defined in a tube 335 of the first plug 316, and an outlet 313 ofthe cartridge 300 is defined in a tube 325 of the second plug 416. Thetubes 325 and 335 are similar to the tubes 25 and 35 shown in FIGS. 1and 2. However, it should be noted that in other embodiments, the firstplug 316 can be identical to the second plug 416, such that the tubesdefining the inlet 311 and the outlet 313 are also identical.

The first plug 316 and the second plug 416 also each include a flange331 and 431, respectively. The flanges 331 and 431 can be used to coupleat least one of the first plug 316 and the second plug 416,respectively, to a mechanical drive device during manufacturing of thecartridge 300; to couple at least one of the cartridge 300, the firstplug 316 and the second plug 416 to a variety of packing and storagematerials for transportation and storage; and/or to couple the cartridge300 to other equipment in a chromatography system during use.

Various features and aspects of the invention are set forth in thefollowing claims.

1. A method of manufacturing a chromatography cartridge, thechromatography cartridge comprising a housing having an open end and alongitudinal axis and a plug dimensioned to be received in the open endof the housing, the method comprising: rotating at least one of thehousing and the plug about the longitudinal axis with respect to theother of the housing and the plug; and moving at least one of thehousing and the plug toward the other of the housing and the plug tocouple at least a portion of an outer surface of the plug to at least aportion of an inner surface of the housing.
 2. The method set forth inclaim 1, wherein rotating at least one of the housing and the plugincludes rotating the plug a first amount in a first direction androtating the plug a second amount in a second direction opposite thefirst direction.
 3. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein rotating atleast one of the housing and plug includes oscillating at least one ofthe housing and the plug.
 4. The method set forth in claim 1, whereinrotating at least one of the housing and the plug includes rotating atleast one of the housing and the plug in one direction.
 5. The methodset forth in claim 1, wherein rotating at least one of the housing andthe plug and moving at least one of the housing and the plug occursimultaneously.
 6. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein moving atleast one of the housing and the plug includes inserting the plug intothe open end of the housing.
 7. The method set forth in claim 1, furthercomprising ceasing moving at least one of the housing and the plug whenat least one of a first insertion force from moving the plug into theopen end of the housing has been achieved, a first insertion force frommoving the open end of the housing over at least a portion of the plughas been achieved, at least one of the housing and the plug has beenmoved a first distance, a first interface temperature between the outersurface of the plug and the inner surface of the housing has beenachieved, the plug at least partially contacts a porous member withinthe housing, the plug at least partially contacts a chromatographymedium within the housing, a user aborts the operation, a control systemaborts the operation, and a combination thereof.
 8. The method set forthin claim 1, further comprising ceasing rotating at least one of thehousing and the plug when at least one of a first interface temperaturebetween the outer surface of the plug and the inner surface of thehousing has been achieved, a first number of rotations has beenachieved, a first number of oscillations has been achieved, a useraborts the operation, a control system aborts the operation, and acombination thereof.
 9. The method set forth in claim 1, furthercomprising coupling the plug to a spin-welding device via a plurality ofribs on an upper surface of the plug.
 10. The method set forth in claim1, wherein rotating at least one of the housing and the plug and movingat least one of the housing and the plug occurs simultaneously tofrictionally-weld at least a portion of the outer surface of the plug toat least a portion of the inner surface of the housing.
 11. The methodset forth in claim 1, wherein rotating at least one of the housing andthe plug and moving at least one of the housing and the plug occurssimultaneously to spin-weld at least a portion of the outer surface ofthe plug to at least a portion of the inner surface of the housing. 12.A method of manufacturing a chromatography cartridge, the methodcomprising: providing a tubular housing having an inlet, an outlet, alongitudinal axis, an open end and an inner surface; providing a plugdimensioned to be received within the open end of the tubular housingand having an outer surface; positioning a first porous member withinthe tubular housing adjacent the outlet; filling the tubular housingwith at least one chromatography medium; positioning a second porousmember within the tubular housing adjacent the inlet such that the atleast one chromatography medium is disposed between the first porousmember and the second porous member; and coupling at least a portion ofthe outer surface of the plug to at least a portion of the inner surfaceof the tubular housing in response to rotating at least one of the plugand the tubular housing about the longitudinal axis with respect to theother of the plug and the tubular housing.
 13. The method set forth inclaim 12, further comprising moving at least one of the plug and thetubular housing toward the other of the plug and the tubular housing.14. The method set forth in claim 12, wherein rotating at least one ofthe plug and the tubular housing includes oscillating at least one ofthe plug and the tubular housing back and forth.
 15. The method setforth in claim 12, wherein rotating at least one of the plug and thetubular housing includes rotating at least one of the plug and thetubular housing in one direction.
 16. The method set forth in claim 12,wherein rotating at least one of the plug and the tubular housingincludes rotating the plug a first amount in a first direction androtating the plug a second amount in a second direction opposite thefirst direction.
 17. The method set forth in claim 13, wherein rotatingat least one of the plug and tubular housing and moving at least one ofthe plug and the tubular housing occurs simultaneously.
 18. The methodset forth in claim 13, wherein moving at least one of the plug and thetubular housing includes inserting the plug into the open end of thetubular housing.
 19. The method set forth in claim 12, furthercomprising coupling the plug to a mechanical drive device via at leastone recess defined in upper surface of the plug.
 20. The method setforth in claim 12, further comprising coupling the plug to a mechanicaldrive device via at least one axially-extending bore defined in theplug.
 21. The method set forth in claim 12, wherein coupling at least aportion of the outer surface of the plug to at least a portion of theinner surface of the tubular housing includes frictionally-welding. 22.The method set forth in claim 12, wherein coupling at least a portion ofthe outer surface of the plug to at least a portion of the inner surfaceof the tubular housing includes spin-welding.
 23. The method set forthin claim 12, further comprising ceasing rotating at least one of theplug and the tubular housing responsive to at least one of achieving afirst interface temperature between the outer surface of the plug andthe inner surface of the tubular housing, achieving a first number ofrotations, achieving a first number of oscillations, a user aborting theoperation, a control system aborting the operation, and a combinationthereof.
 24. The method set forth in claim 13, further comprisingceasing moving at least one of the plug and the tubular housingresponsive to at least one of moving at least one of the plug and thetubular housing a first distance, achieving a first insertion force ofthe plug into the open end of the tubular housing, achieving a firstinsertion force of the open end of the tubular housing over at least aportion of the plug, achieving a first interface temperature between theouter surface of the plug and the inner surface of the tubular housing,the plug at least partially contacting a porous member within thetubular housing, the plug at least partially contacting at least onechromatography medium within the tubular housing, a user aborting theoperation, a control system aborting the operation, and a combinationthereof.
 25. A method of manufacturing a chromatographic columncomprising the steps of: molding a column body from plastics, said stepof molding a column body including the substeps of molding a side wallportion, a first end portion integrally molded with the side wallportion and an open second end forming an interior of the column bodyand a closure for the open second end; said first end portion beingintegrally molded with a first port, said closure being integrallymolded with a second port; filling the column with packing material upto the second end; and fastening the closure to the column body togetherat the second end with only rotary or both linear and rotary motion. 26.The method of claim 25 wherein fastening the closure to the column bodyincludes spin welding the closure to the side wall portion.
 27. Themethod of claim 26 further including the steps of: placing a firstfilter in the first end having said integrally molded port of the columnbody; filling the column with packing material up to the second end; andplacing a second filter on top of the packing in the second end.
 28. Themethod of claim 27 in which the step of filling the column with packingmaterial includes the step of vibrating the column to evenly distributethe packing material.
 29. The method of claim 25 wherein the step offastening the closure includes spin welding a seal between the closureand the tubular body.